What is the Value of Contemporary Art?

VANSA asked me to submit a comment in response to the question “What is Contemporary Art in South Africa worth?” for their newsletter. Not having the foggiest idea of how to even begin answering this, the first thing I did was ask my Twitter network, and Uno De Waal shot right back with the answer: “Your 2c“. I loved that. But my response needed to be 300 words, so I came up with this longer version. I’m not very art savvy, though I’m getting into it, so I’d like to know what you think:

For the Love of God - Damien HirstOur society is increasingly distracted and our attention is fragmented. Everything is information - from the colours of cars, the adverts all around us, shows on television, and the textbooks we never read. If Attention is the Amount of Information we can process in a moment, then Contemporary Art is an incredibly efficient way for us to invest our Attention. This idea of an Economy of Attention helps explain the value of Contemporary Art for me.

The basic idea with Attention Economics is that Information consumes Attention. It might sound inconsequential until you consider the overwhelming amount of information we’re exposed to every day.

As consumers of Information, we have to make choices about where to invest the relatively scarce Attention that we have. Our choices are generally informed by where we think we’ll get the most reward for our investment of our Attention - where we’ll get the most information, experience, or insight for our time.  Those who are able to attract us can create value simply by lending their Reputation to anything we can engage with.

You can see this in effect with artists, like Damien Hirst, who are able to make a decent living off the Attention they get for their creations. The value is not in the objects they create, but the Attention and Reputation they are vested with. In Hirst’s case at least, Reputation is as good as the Philospher’s Stone. As P.T. Barnum, one of the world’s first show-biz millionaires, once said: “No publicity is bad publicity”.

Since I’m a Marketer, and Marketer’s love lists with P’s, I use Biddington’s 3 P’s to assess the enduring value of contemporary art: Past, Present, and Personal .

For me, the value of great Contemporary Art is its ability to invest a creation with the experiences, insights, and reputation and information, not only of the artist, but of everyone who participates in the work - whether by creating, viewing, critiquing or buying it. The more we discuss it, the more Attention we give it,  the more valuable it becomes.

Value Creation in a WWW*

I love using diagrams to help explain concepts which would otherwise be difficult to remember. They make it easier for some people to call up in their minds and immediately recall complex concepts.

I thought of the following model a few weeks ago to describe how value is realized in today’s fast-paced, largely unpredictable markets. I’ve entitled it “Value Creation in a Wild Wired World“. Please let me know what you think…

Industrial Age Value Creation:

Industrial Age Innovation

This V model of Value creation is suited to stable, predictable markets and industries.The consumer doesn’t have many alternative choices of products and services to fulfill their needs here. The company needs to recoup their significant investment of cash, time and labour by charging as much as possible, and keeping the product as is for as long as possible - taking it from being a Star product to a Cash Cow eventually. Microsofts OS is a good example of this, but they’re slowly shifting to the model below…

Rapid Prototyping, Perpetual Beta

An alternative model, more suited to fast changing, unpredictable, hyper-competitive markets looks more this:

Value Creation in a Wild Wired World

The idea here is to launch with a “good enough” prototype, attract early adopter users, and develop the product according to their needs and feedback. In the software development world, this is known as “Beta” - where the product is in testing mode, and constantly improving according to how people are using it. There is generally less upfront investment required in this model, which is important since many products launched into unpredictable, competitive markets will fail unless they adapt in ways that weren’t originally envisaged by the product team. Often times the best ideas here arise to serve an unmet need of the founder - you might hear the founder saying the product was launched to “scratch my own itch” The other motto of firms that operate with this model is: “release early, release often”. Google does this well.

Your feedback

What do you think about these models? Do they make sense? Is there anything you’d label differently, add to, or remove from the diagrams?

Kelele - The African Blogger’s Conference

Kelele Africa

Kelele, an annual African bloggers’ conference, was announced yesterday at BarCamp Africa at the GooglePlex in San Francisco. This exciting event will be held in a different African city each year and run by an organising committee in that city. Kelele will be held for the first time in August 2009 in Nairobi, Kenya.

Daudi Were is producing the event, along with an organizing committee of bloggers from all over Africa. This includes Ndesanjo Macha, Erik Hersman, Nii Simmonds, Mshairi, Sami Ben Gharbia, and me.

Why Kelele?

Kelele is the Kiswahili word for noise. We are organising a gathering of African bloggers in the tradition of historical African societies where everyone has a voice.

The specific theme of Kelele ’09 Nairobi is Beat Your Drum – which connects the traditional Africa method of getting your message across vast distances – the talking drums – to the 21st century and the tools we use today, blogs and the Internet.

Sponsorship

We are working to make Kelele a world-class conference, but in order to do this we will need Sponsorship to cover costs such as delegate’s flights, venue, AV and bandwidth.

We’d like to invite all organizations with an interest in blogging, Africa and citizen media to become a sponsor of the inaugural African Bloggers Conference: Kelele!

There are a variety of ways that you can become involved as a sponsor for Kelele - your contribution doesn’t only need to be financial in nature. If you’d like to find out more about the sponsorship opportunities, please email daudi.were@gmail.com

The Start of my Low Information Diet

Some of the regular visitors to this blog may have noticed that I have posted progressively less over the last 6 months. Recently my posting has almost come to a standstill. There’s a lot behind this, which I’ve been trying to make sense of.

In short, it comes down to a sense of frustration I’m having with the amount of information I seem to have to deal with before anything actually gets done. As an example, besides spam, I get around 80 emails a day, all of which seem to require an urgent response. This is not good for someone who spends most of his time out the office working with groups. It basically means that most of my time in the office is split between dealing with email, and reading news so I can stay in touch with industry trends and innovations. This leaves very little time to spend working with my colleagues (at Huddlemind, Creative Commons and Muti) on important stuff like strategy. All this information feels like it’s paralysing me!

In fact, this sense has sat with me for a while, and it’s the primary reason why I’ve been so drawn to the study and practice of “Attention Economics”.

So, regarding my blog…

Someone Has Already Said It

Perhaps the main reason I haven’t been posting is because, quite honestly, everything I can think of saying has already been said by someone else online. And its not often that I have felt I could say it better.

For those who are interested in what I recommend reading, or what I find interesting, I would like to introduce you to my Diigo links which you can see in the sidebar on the right. There are some superb finds there, and they’re all sorted by topic/tag.

I feel so full up with other people’s information that there’s barely enough space for me to form my own insights and share them.

Experiences vs Information

Maya Angelou once said: “People will forget what you tell them, but will never forget how you make them feel”.

For people, like me, who believe that our Attention is increasingly scarce and valuable today, there is a cost attached to each new piece of information that we consume. Information consumes Attention. Despite my knowledge and understanding of “Attention Economics”, I’ve been spendthrift with my own Attention. Now I have a bit of a deficit to deal with - each waking moment is currently spent processing the information I’ve amassed, at the expense of the experiences and interactions I could be having.

Information, by the way, is inherent in everything. It’s just that we have come to prioritize encoded information - in the form of writing, sounds, and video - over real-world, information - in the form of experiences.

Reading and Writing

When I first started blogging, I enjoyed the sense of personal discovery through public disclosure. However, at some point the blogging became more about building an audience than about sharing ideas.

I can say the same about live chat, email, and meetings. My initial experience of these filled me with delight in the process of sharing ideas. They all now seem more like an obligation than a priviledge.

So in my attempt to reclaim my own sense of daily delight in my work and online pursuits, I am cutting down on all these attention traps, drastically. In their place, I hope to clear some space to experience and to reflect more, and to allow my own insights to emerge.

As my esteemed friend, Joe Botha, has said: “The true breakfast of champions is a low information diet”.

Creative Commons Should Not be a Moral Issue

Creative Commons licenses are built on traditional copyright. They may be free, but they are proper legal documents and are enforced using the same proceedures as traditional copyright law. They are simply a way to allow creators to easily communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of other creators.

There are some basic clauses that enable this:

Attribution Attribution. You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform your copyrighted work — and derivative works based upon it — but only if they give credit the way you request.

Noncommercial Noncommercial. You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform your work — and derivative works based upon it — but for noncommercial purposes only.

No Derivative Works No Derivative Works. You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform only verbatim copies of your work, not derivative works based upon it.

Share Alike Share Alike. You allow others to distribute derivative works only under a license identical to the license that governs your work.

Interestingly, when these licenses are applied to online works, they contain meta-data that describes them and allows the works to easily be found online. This is why the CC search functionality built into Firefox is so useful - it helps  people easily find works (e.g. pictures) to re-use legally.This can enhance the pass-along (aka viral) effect of some creative works.

Lastly, the fact that these licenses are free should not be overlooked. Hiring a lawyer to license a work appropriately can be expensive and complicated. When you apply a CC license to your work, you’re bringing to bear some of the most outstanding legal minds in the world today. These licenses were designed to work in today’s hyperconnected world.

eMarketing Guide Published Under the Creative Commons

eMarketing TextbookCongratulations to the Quirk team who have just released the first edition of their eMarketing textbook. Just before it was published I was sent a digital copy to review, and I found it to be thorough, well written and full of good examples and explanations.

Furthermore, the book has been published under the Creative Commons. This means that if you download or buy the book, you can copy, remix and share it with as many other people as you like (as long as you don’t sell your copies).  I believe will go a long way in increasing the knowledge and expertise of eMarketing in South Africa.

All delegates on the upcoming Nomadic Marketing programme in October will get a copy of this book, and I think that it will help re-enforce all the fundamentals of eMarketing which are necessary in order to create truly extrodinary campaigns.

Checkout the book website, where you can download a free .pdf version of the textbook, or order your print version.

Leave Blogging to the Amateurs

An interesting quote from “A-list blogger” Jason Calcanis, who yesterday announced that he is retiring from blogging:

Bloggers spend more time digging, tweeting, and SEOing their posts
than they do on the posts themselves. In the early days of blogging
Peter Rojas, who was my blog professor, told me what was required to
win at blogging: “show up every day.” In 2003 and 2004 that was the
case. Today? What’s required is a team of social marketers to get your
message out there, and a second one to manage the fall-out from
whatever you’ve said.

Playtime is over for those who want to make money from blogging. It has become a serious media business now. Another quote from Calcanis:

I’m looking for something more acoustic, something more authentic and something more private. Blogging is simply too big, too impersonal, and lacks the intimacy that drew me to it.

As Brian Oberkirch pointed out - the “conversation” touted in the Cluetrain Manifersto has turned into a transaction.

Of course, these comments apply most to those people who are ambitious to gain more attention, and make a living from doing so. The true essence of blogging, I believe, remains with the amateur enthusiast who writes about the subject she believes in and participates in a community of other amateur bloggers who have a similar interest in the subject. 

Stokvel Brand Building

nvohk bannerI thought of this concept when my friend Tim emailed me about nvohk  (pronounced “envoke”), a crowdfunding and branding initiative applied to clothing.

In theory it’s a great idea - 30 000 people each put forward $50 for a year’s membership in nvohk inc. For their $50 they get a “founders t-shirt”, get to vote on stuff like logo design and advertising decisions, get discounts on nvohk t-shirts, and split 35% of the profits between them. It works for the company because each t-shirt owner then has a vested interest in helping the brand succeed, and passing on work of its success.

Where I think the company could improve its offering is to start connecting members and create an online space, like a Ning social network, for them to discuss their investment in public with each other and the project founder, Brendan Lynch. This would increase trust and interest, and make it a bit more like the original concept, a proven success model, on which I believe it was based (probably unknowingly) - the South African Stokvel.

Stokvels, according to The Beehive, “…have been around in South Africa for many years. They are a good way for people to help motivate each other to save, and many stokvel or savings clubs are like social clubs where members also help each other in ways other than with money. Regular stokvel meetings have become a social highlight in many communities”.

The internet can allow ad-hoc communities to form around virtually anything - the initial social object could be saving money, but then extend as people seek other ways to connect with and help each other. In the business case, such as with nvohk (or to quote a more familiar South African example, Verity), I believe that the investors want the project to succeed, and some of them would have at least enough interest in it to want to chat with other investors with the same interest via a convenient virtual platfrom like the official website of the project.

I think the concept of the digital stokvel has great potential to be applied to brand campaigns. Watch this space for more case studies to come.

The New York Times Embraces the Semantic Web

In this short interview, Michael Zimbalist, head of R&D at The New York Times, talks about the natural interoperability of Print and Mobile content. He also explains how comprehensive metadata annotation of content can make it “smart,” freeing it to become “device independent media.” This is the promise of the Semantic Web as The Times sees it.

The Semantic Web will be critical to search and consumption of Web video.

Stairway to Brand Heaven or Hell

Logic + Emotion’s David Armano is brilliant at producing marketing and social-media concept visuals. This one clearly captures some of the most important steps to brand loyalty (Heaven), or disloyalty (Hell):

Stairway to Brand Heaven or Hell

Standard Management Sabotage

Simple SabotageThese instructions come from a 1944 CIA manual on how to sabotage a business:

(1) Insist on doing everything through “channels.” Never permit short-cuts to be taken in order to expedite decisions.
(2) Make “speeches.” Talk as frequently as possible and at great length. Illustrate your “points” by long anecdotes and accounts of per­sonal experiences. Never hesitate to make a few appropriate “patriotic” comments.
(3) When possible, refer all matters to committees, for “further study and considera­tion.” Attempt to make the committees as large as possible — never less than five.
(4) Bring up irrelevant issues as frequently as possible.
(5) Haggle over precise wordings of com­munications, minutes, resolutions.
(6) Refer back to matters decided upon at the last meeting and attempt to re-open the question of the advisability of that decision.
(7) Advocate “caution.” Be “reasonable” and urge your fellow-conferees to be “reason­able” and avoid haste which might result in embarrassments or difficulties later on.
(8) Be worried about the propriety of any decision — raise the question of whether such action as is contemplated lies within the juris­ diction of the group or whether it might conflict with the policy of some higher echelon.

I think this is standard management practice in the corporate world today! I’m sure I don’t need to point out how incredibly ironic, and wrong, this is.

Thanks to David Weinberger.

Why FMCG brands should be marketed on the web

Supermarket AisleWhy would you market a consumable on the internet – isn’t this a niche medium that targets approximately only 10% of the South African public?

Lindy Upson from Artefact Online sent me her ideas on this:

You need to market FMCG products on the internet because these are brands that rely on the relationships they have formed with their consumers.

When you buy your favourite brand of peanut butter, yoghurt, milk, washing up liquid it is because you feel a familiarity with your chosen brands – it is a relationship based on trust developed out of years of quality delivery. You might say these brands have become like familiar friends you wouldn’t want to lose.


The challenge is for FMCG marketers to develop and maintain these relationships with their loyal market base and not to let them stray to other, more innovative, maybe new, brands on the block.

Artifact Advertising’s digital marketing company, Artifact Online, views the integration of online marketing activities into a typical FMCG marketing mix as such:

  • TV/ radio/ print – selling your product to a mass audience that fits your demographic, driving the consumer to the store.

  • Instore Marketing – making sure you grab the consumer in the aisle and close the sale at point of purchase

  • Online marketing – a tool to establish, reward, and revitalise the relationship your consumers have with your brand. A tool to encourage those consumers to interact with you and entrench their loyalty to your brand.

Apart from the obvious big players, for example Coke and Nike who have been active on the internet for years, it was interesting to see a recent example of a South African brand effectively using this channel as part of their marketing mix.

Pyotts Pro-vita recently launched an interactive website with a “build a sandwich” and useful BMI calculator. www.provita.co.za. Pyotts has also launched a fun party website which invites you to create your e-vites online and manage your RSVPs to any party – see www.partywithpyotts.co.za

Pro-vita consumers should be impressed by their innovation and would hopefully remember to visit the party site to create e-vites for their next function as this is a tool worth using.

If other brands were to concentrate efforts instore, using traditional media, email campaigns and sms communication to drive consumers to an interactive fun site and reward them for doing so, then they would be entrenching loyalty amongst a significant segment of their consumer base.

A solid online media campaign on South Africa’s high traffic sites would also ensure they reach a significant number of new consumers. The reach of these sites should not be underestimated.

Says Lindy:

So that’s why you would market a consumable on the internet – a “not that niche” medium that has the potential to reach over 5 million of your South African consumers.

 

 




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